Prostate Cancer Causes, Risk Factors and Prevention

When found early, prostate cancer is one of the most curable cancers. Because early detection is key, it is important to understand the risk factors. If you are at increased risk of developing prostate cancer, the Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center team of experts is here to help you stay healthy. 

What causes prostate cancer?

The exact cause of prostate cancer is not  fully understood, but certain risk factors may cause prostate cells to become cancer cells.

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

Many risk factors for prostate cancer are outside your control, such as age and family history.

• Age: Prostate cancer is most common in men age 50 or older.
• Family history of prostate cancer: If anyone in your family (father, brother, son) has had prostate cancer you may be at higher risk due to inherited gene mutations.
• Race: African American men have nearly twice the risk of prostate cancer compared to Caucasian men. It is less common among Asian American and American Indian men.
• Diet: A high-fat diet, especially one high in animal fats, may increase your risk. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may help lower your risk.

How can you reduce your risk of prostate cancer?

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the best ways to lower your risk for prostate cancer.

• Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables 
• Follow recommended prostate cancer screening guidelines
• Stay physically active and exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight

What does not reduce your risk of prostate cancer?

There are several myths about ways to reduce prostate cancer risk. The following have not been shown to reduce your risk:

• Frequent ejaculation: A high level of sexual activity has not been linked to a lower risk of prostate cancer
• Prostate massage: While it may have other health benefits, there is no evidence that prostate massage lowers cancer risk.

Take time to discuss your risk factors with your health care provider. They can recommend the best screening schedule and risk-reduction strategies based on your personal and family history.

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